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''Phalaris'' is a genus of grasses. Various species of ''Phalaris'' grow on every continent except Antarctica. They can be found in a broad range of habitats from below sea level to thousands of feet above sea level and from wet marshy areas to dry places. ''P. arundinacea'' and ''P. aquatica'' are sometimes invasive species in wetlands. ==Alkaloids== Some ''Phalaris'' species are toxic to livestock containing gramine, which, in sheep and to a lesser extent in cattle, can cause brain damage, other organ damage, central nervous system damage and death.〔 〕〔(phalaris pdf ) - AU Dept. of Agriculture and Food〕 ''Phalaris arundinacea'', ''Phalaris aquatica'', and ''Phalaris brachystachys'' are known to contain the alkaloids ''N'',''N''-DMT, 5-MeO-DMT, and 5-OH-DMT (bufotenin). Some research has been done into the variability of alkaloids in the ''Phalaris'' grasses. Strains with high levels of alkaloids are best avoided in locations with grazing cattle and sheep, due to potential toxicity. Such high-alkaloid strains include ''Phalaris aquatica AQ-1'' and the species ''P. brachystachys''. Seasonal and weather patterns also appear to affect alkaloid concentration, as most toxicity occurs in autumn and in times of drought. Regrowth after grazing or mowing also shows a considerable increase in alkaloids. None of the above alkaloids are said to have been found in ''P. californica'', ''P. canariensis'', ''P. minor'' and hybrids of ''P. arundinacea'' together with ''P. aquatica''.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Phalaris (plant)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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